By john Globalization, once seen as inevitable, is now in retreat. In 2025, the global economy is fragmenting into regional blocs as nations prioritize security, supply cara daftar Naga169 chain resilience, and domestic industry over free trade.
The COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions accelerated the shift. The U.S. and its allies have reduced dependence on Chinese manufacturing, investing in “friend-shoring” with trusted partners like Vietnam, India, and Mexico.
Meanwhile, China is building its own economic sphere through the Belt and Road Initiative and digital currency networks. The European Union is also pursuing “strategic autonomy,” seeking independence from both Washington and Beijing.
Economists call it the rise of “geo-economics”—where politics, not efficiency, drives trade. “We’re moving from globalization to compartmentalization,” said analyst Dr. Leonard Ruiz.
The consequences are profound. Supply chains are becoming more localized, prices are rising, and developing nations face new barriers to market access. Multinational corporations are forced to navigate complex political loyalties.
Environmental and technological competition further complicate matters. The global push for green energy has sparked rivalries over lithium, cobalt, and rare earth minerals. Meanwhile, data sovereignty laws are fragmenting the internet into regional digital ecosystems.
Some argue this “slowbalization” could create a fairer world. Others warn it will deepen inequality and fuel protectionism. “Interdependence kept peace,” said former WTO official Maria Tanaka. “Its unraveling could bring instability.”
The post-globalization era has begun—not with a crash, but with a quiet reordering of the world economy that may define the century ahead.